Effluent Treatment plant is a waste water treatment process (WWTP) which is particularly designed to purify the industrial waste water for its reuse. It is mostly used in the industries like pharmaceuticals, textiles, chemical where the danger of extremely contaminated water exists.
Its goal is to release clean water into the environment in order to counteract the negative effects of effluent. Some effluents contain oils and grease, and some contain toxic materials.
The technologies used in ETP includes MBBR System, MBR System, SAFFR System, Sequencing Batch Reactors, Bio-towers System, and Up Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket, they provide cost-effective treatment with less maintenance.
Concept of ETP
The quantity and quality of the industries’ wastewater discharge determine the design and size of the ETP.
• Accessibility to land.
• Financial aspects of construction, operation, and upkeep.
• The size of the area is influenced by the following factors: flow rate, kind of biological treatment to be utilised, and wastewater quality.
• Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) are favoured over ETPs where there is a lack of available land.
Process Flow Chart of ETP:-
We can treat effluent by 2 ways:-
- Batch Type Effluent Treatment plant
- Continuous Type Effluent Treatment Plant
Objectives of ETP :-
1. To disinfect industrial waste and recycle it for future use
2. To protect the environment from pollution; and
3. To adhere to government-set criteria for pollutant emissions and avoid paying steep fines
4. To cut back on water acquisition costs
Industrial Effluent Treatment Plant
It is observed that, due to rapid development of various industries , the generation of industrial wastewater is overwhelming ,which produce its own particular combination of pollutants are extremely contaminate the surrounding environment. The environmental rules have directed all the industrial units to implant effluent treatment plant to curb the direct release of untreated wastewater in water bodies.
Here, some of the major industries which need to implant Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) to purify the waste water before it gets discharged are:
1.Food and processing industries
2.Pharmaceutical industry
3.Textile and Paper industries
4.Automobile industries
5.Textile and dye industry
6. Dairy and Beverage industries
Stages of Industrial effluent plant process
The treatment of different effluents varies with type of effluent , Wastewater goes through several processes before effluent goes into the environment. Industrial effluent treatment plant process include the following stages.
a. Preliminary treatment
b. Primary treatment
c. Secondary or biological treatment
d. Tertiary/disinfection system
- Preliminary Treatment: preliminary treatment contains physical separation of large sized contaminants.
Screening: This is the first operation occurs in waste water treatment plants. A screen is a device with uniform openings and used for removeal of large floating solids.
Sedimentation: Sedimentation is the process to remove suspended solids from water using gravity.
Grit Chamber: Grit chamber removes the dense inorganic solids such as gravel, metal fragments and sand. Removal of grit prevents damaging of pumps & operational difficulties.
Clarifiers: clarifiers used for removal of solid particles which deposited by sedimentation before biological treatment.
2. Primary Treatment: It removes floating and settle able materials such as suspended solids and organic matter. In this treatment both physical and chemical methods are used. It includes:
Flocculation: Flocculation is a physical process . It involves the addition of destabilized particles together into large aggregates so they can be easily separated from the water.
Coagulation: coagulation is a process in which coagulants are added for the rapid settlement of minute solid particles in a liquid into larger particles.
Neutralization: To meet the requirements of different processing units in ETP system, this process helps in maintaining the pH ranges to 6-9.
Primary Clarifiers: It is used to slow down the velocity of the water to a point where organic solids will settle to the bottom of the tank .It contain an equipment that is used to remove floating solids and greases from the surface.
3). Secondary or Biological Treatment: The suspended solids and residual organics Effluent Treatment plant is a waste water treatment process (WWTP) which is particularly designed to purify the industrial waste water for its reuse. It is mostly used in the industries like pharmaceuticals, textiles, chemical where the danger of extremely contaminated water exists.
Its goal is to release clean water into the environment in order to counteract the negative effects of effluent. Some effluents contain oils and grease, and some contain toxic materials.
The technologies used in ETP includes MBBR System, MBR System, SAFFR System, Sequencing Batch Reactors, Bio-towers System, and Up Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket, they provide cost-effective treatment with less maintenance.
What do these standards mean?
Color:- Due to its high visibility compared to other contaminants, color is a problem in dye house effluent. For the public’s view of a factory, color reduction is crucial.
BOD and COD:- Biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon are typically used to measure the oxidisable organic matter in wastewater (TOC).
TSS and TDS:- After coarse materials like rags and grit have been removed, total suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS) can be measured in wastewater. The mass of the residue is used to calculate TSS after a sample of wastewater is filtered through a common filter. Evaporating the water at a specific temperature yields the total solids (TS). After that, TDS is determined by deducting TSS from TS.
pH:- pH is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in the wastewater and gives an indication of how the wastewater is acid or alkaline. This parameter is important because aquatic life such as fish can only survive in a narrow pH range between roughly pH 6.5-8.
Sulphur and Sulphide:- Textile dyeing uses large quantities of sodium sulphate and some other sulphur containing chemicals. Textiles wastewaters will therefore contain various sulphur compounds sulphate is easily converted to sulphide when oxygen has been removed by the BOD of the effluents. This is a problem because hydrogen sulphide can be formed which is a very poisonous gas, it also has an unpleasant smell of rotten eggs. The presence of sulphide in effluents can interfere with biological treatment processes.
Oil and Grease:- This includes all oils, fats and waxes, such as kerosene and lubricating oils. Oil and grease cause unpleasant films on open water bodies and negatively affect aquatic life. They can also interfere with biological treatment processes and cause maintenance problems as they coat the surfaces of components of ETP.
The following are the names of the businesses where we put our ETP plant:
- Katraj Dairy.
- Drums Food International, Mumbai.
- Parampara Food Products, Pune.
- Washishiti Milk & Milk Products Pvt Ltd, Ratnagiri.
- Bake- Lite Food Processing Pvt Ltd, Odisha.
- Suvidha Cold Storage, Mumbai.
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Cantonment General Hospital, Pune.
- B. U. Bhandari Motors Pvt Ltd, Pune.
- KF Bio plant , Manjri Pune.
- Jubilant Motor Works Pvt Ltd, Pune
